platinum electron configuration explanation

Because platinum is significantly denser than many of its impurities, the lighter impurities can be removed by simply floating them away in a liquid. [Xe] 6s1 4f14 5d9 Platinum should be a s2 d8 compound like nickel. An electron configuration is a description of the relative locations of electrons in an atom or ion. However, as you go up the energy levels of electron states, the s and d get closer together in energy, so the half filled orbital rule breaks down, making a 6s1 5d9 state rather than a 6s2 5d8. [33], When hexachloroplatinic acid is heated, it decomposes through platinum(IV) chloride and platinum(II) chloride to elemental platinum, although the reactions do not occur stepwise:[34]. [36], Several barium platinides have been synthesized in which platinum exhibits negative oxidation states ranging from −1 to −2. 2 0. benales. [17], Cisplatin, or cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) is the first of a series of square planar platinum(II)-containing chemotherapy drugs. [52], Carl von Sickingen researched platinum extensively in 1772. 190Pt and 198Pt are predicted to have energetically favorable double beta decay paths. The mine ceased operations in 1990. [17] The use of platinum(II) acetylacetonate has also been reported. [32], Treatment of hexachloroplatinic acid with an ammonium salt, such as ammonium chloride, gives ammonium hexachloroplatinate,[16] which is relatively insoluble in ammonium solutions. Chemistry. Sometimes the metal was entirely incombustible, but when alloyed with osmium, it would volatilize. The real answer comes from relativistic effects, electron correlation, and shielding effects. The resulting gold-platinum alloy would then be soft enough to shape with tools. 8, 50 (1964)", "Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the Discovery of the Platiniferous Merensky Reef", 10.1002/0471238961.1612012019052513.a01.pub2, "Evidence of huge deposits of platinum in State", "Identification of meteoritic components in imactites", "Effects of relativistic motion of electrons on the chemistry of gold and platinum", "Synthetic metallomolecules as agents for the control of DNA structure", "Sur les métaux égyptiens: Présence du platine parmi les caractères d'inscriptions hiéroglyphiques, confié à mon examn", "Ancient Platinum Technology in South America: Its use by the Indians in Pre-Hispanic Times", "Several Papers concerning a New Semi-Metal, Called Platina; Communicated to the Royal Society by Mr. Wm. The K shell contains a 1s subshell hence it can carry 2 electrons, the L shell has 2s and 2p, and can carry 8 electrons. Element Platinum (Pt), Group 10, Atomic Number 78, d-block, Mass 195.084. The electronic configuration of a lithium atom is 1s 2 2s, which indicates there are two electrons in the 1s sublevel and one electron in the 2s energy sublevel. The origin of the name comes from the Spanish word platina meaning silver. It turns out that the energy the electron configuration that is half-filled, 4s 1 3d 5, and filled orbital, 4s 1 3d 10, has lower energy than the typical filling order, 4s 2 3d 4, and 4s 2 3d 9.This pattern is followed in the 5 th row with Mo (#42) and Ag (#47). Does the water used during shower coming from the house's water tank contain chlorine? Electron configurations of atoms follow a standard notation in which all electron-containing atomic subshells (with the number of electrons they hold written in superscript) are placed in a sequence. [31], Hexachloroplatinic acid mentioned above is probably the most important platinum compound, as it serves as the precursor for many other platinum compounds. In the Sudbury Basin, the huge quantities of nickel ore processed make up for the fact platinum is present as only 0.5 ppm in the ore. [12] It reacts vigorously with fluorine at 500 °C (932 °F) to form platinum tetrafluoride. Areas covered include atomic structure, physical properties, atomic interaction, thermodynamics, identification, atomic size, crystal structure, history, abundances, and nomenclature. At times, the platinum seemed malleable, but when it was alloyed with iridium, it would be much more brittle. Visualize trends, 3D orbitals, isotopes, and mix compounds. [14], In nickel and copper deposits, platinum-group metals occur as sulfides (e.g. According to the older shell atomic model, electrons occupy several levels from the first shell nearest the nucleus, K, through the seventh shell, Q, farthest from the nucleus.In terms of a more refined, quantum-mechanical model, the K–Q shells are … The Madelung … 5 years ago. Unfortunately, since these are special cases, you will have to memorise (or be aware of) these elements when completing electron configurations. Electron Configuration Chart for All Elements in the Periodic Table. It is the only stable isotope with a non-zero spin; with a spin of 1/2, 195Pt satellite peaks are often observed in 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy (i.e., Pt-phosphine and Pt-alkyl complexes). Sublimation The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase. [73], During periods of sustained economic stability and growth, the price of platinum tends to be as much as twice the price of gold, whereas during periods of economic uncertainty,[74] the price of platinum tends to decrease due to reduced industrial demand, falling below the price of gold. In 1741, Charles Wood,[53] a British metallurgist, found various samples of Colombian platinum in Jamaica, which he sent to William Brownrigg for further investigation. The maximum electrons that can be carried by the sub-shell S is 2, by P is 6, by D is 10, and the F sub-shell can carry 14. [75], 1,000 cubic centimeters of 99.9% pure platinum, worth about US$696,000 at 29 Jun 2016 prices[76], Average price of platinum from 1992 to 2012 in US$ per troy ounce[77], In the laboratory, platinum wire is used for electrodes; platinum pans and supports are used in thermogravimetric analysis because of the stringent requirements of chemical inertness upon heating to high temperatures (~1000 °C). Electronic configuration: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 4s 2 4p 6 4d 10 5s 2 5p 6 4f 14 5d 9 6s 1 >> Back to key information about the elementBack to key information about the element … [37] Caesium platinide, Cs2Pt, a dark-red transparent crystalline compound[38] has been shown to contain Pt2− anions. )[43][44], Dichloro(cycloocta-1,5-diene)platinum(II), Archaeologists have discovered traces of platinum in the gold used in ancient Egyptian burials as early as 1200 BC. [17], In 2007, Gerhard Ertl won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for determining the detailed molecular mechanisms of the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over platinum (catalytic converter). In this case the 5d orbital is shielded better by the full 4f orbital in Pt, so it is lower energy than the 6s orbital. Which is correct? What is the moleclular fomula for hydro-dioxygen ? Continue Reading. Explanations: 31 Which electron configuration represents the distribution of electrons in a potassium atom in the ground state? Platinum does oxidize, forming PtO2, at 500 °C; this oxide can be easily removed thermally. It is one of the rarer elements in Earth's crust, with an average abundance of approximately 5 μg/kg. It was often simply thrown away, and there was an official decree forbidding the adulteration of gold with platinum impurities. This decides the electron capacity of the shells. This started what is known as the "platinum age" in Spain. Electronic configuration: [Xe] 4f 14 5d 9 6s 1: Formal oxidation number: +2 +4: Electronegativities: 2.2: Atomic radius / pm: 137.3: Relative atomic mass: 195.084(9) Platinum was discovered by Julius Caesar Scaliger (IT) in 1557. The NIST manufactured the wires from platinum bar stock with a chemical purity of 99.999% by weight). [32] Platinum also strongly catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen[64] and it is used in fuel cells[65] as a catalyst for the reduction of oxygen. Electron configuration of every element in the periodic table # Element Electron configuration 1 Hydrogen 1s1 2 Helium 1s2 3 Lithium 1s22s1 4 Beryllium 1s22s2 5 Boron 1s22s22p1 6 Carbon 1s 22s22p 7 Nitrogen 1s 22s 2p3 8 Oxygen 1s22s22p4 9 Fluorine 1s22s22p5 10 Neon 1s22s22p6 11 Sodium 1s22s22p63s1 12 Magnesium 1s22s22p63s2 13 Aluminum 1s 22s 2p63s 3p1 14 Silicon … Anonymous. [39], Zeise's salt, containing an ethylene ligand, was one of the first organometallic compounds discovered. Because it occurs naturally in the alluvial sands of various rivers, it was first used by pre-Columbian South American natives to produce artifacts. This is due to the presence of f orbitals. [70], Platinum is a precious metal commodity; its bullion has the ISO currency code of XPT. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal. Palladium can be said to be doubly anomalous. Each shell and subshell have a limitation on the amount of electrons that it can carry. The resistance wire in the thermometer is made of pure platinum (e.g. Elder, the electron configuration of heavy metals has a complex behavior. Use the element blocks of the periodic table to find the highest electron orbital. It is used for this purpose for its prestige and inherent bullion value. Platinum readily reacts with carbon. [51], The first European reference to platinum appears in 1557 in the writings of the Italian humanist Julius Caesar Scaliger as a description of an unknown noble metal found between Darién and Mexico, "which no fire nor any Spanish artifice has yet been able to liquefy". Cooperite occurs in the Merensky Reef within the Bushveld complex, Gauteng, South Africa. [30], Platinum exists in higher abundances on the Moon and in meteorites. By itself, it has various applications in photography, zinc etchings, indelible ink, plating, mirrors, porcelain coloring, and as a catalyst. Platinum is a member of the platinum group of elements and group 10 of the periodic table of elements. Electronic configuration: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10 4s 2 4p 6 4d 10 5s 2 5p 6 4f 14 5d 9 6s 1 >> Back to key information about the … Think […] Okay so anytime that it ends in d9 we're going to fix it up a little bit, same exact way we're going to take an electron from the 4s and we're going to move it over to the 3d. [6] Compounds containing platinum, such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin, are applied in chemotherapy against certain types of cancer. What atom matches this electron configuration? [79] "Platinum awards" are the second highest possible, ranking above "gold", "silver" and "bronze", but below diamond. Ulloa and Juan found mines with the whitish metal nuggets and took them home to Spain. [49][50] The platinum used in such objects was not the pure element, but rather a naturally occurring mixture of the platinum group metals, with small amounts of palladium, rhodium, and iridium. Electron configurations are the summary of where the electrons are around a nucleus. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 Preview this quiz on Quizizz. Platinum(II) and platinum(IV) bromides are known as well. Because platinum has a higher melting point than most other substances, many impurities can be burned or melted away without melting the platinum. The most common oxidation states of platinum are +2 and +4. You have stumbled upon a special case. An atom of Platinum in the gas phase, for example, gives off energy when it gains an electron to form an ion of Platinum. DRAFT. Watchmakers appreciate the unique properties of platinum, as it neither tarnishes nor wears out (the latter quality relative to gold). [24], In 1865, chromites were identified in the Bushveld region of South Africa, followed by the discovery of platinum in 1906. Lv 4. [82] The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) for platinum as 1 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday.[83]. Platinum is considered a precious metal, although its use is not as common as the use of gold or silver. PtAs2), and as end alloys with nickel or copper. GOP delegate films himself breaking into Capitol. The remaining 28.9 tonnes went to various other minor applications, such as medicine and biomedicine, glassmaking equipment, investment, electrodes, anticancer drugs, oxygen sensors, spark plugs and turbine engines. Smaller reserves can be found in the United States,[27] for example in the Absaroka Range in Montana. Electron orbitals are differently-shaped regions around an atom's nucleus where electrons are mathematically likely to be located. In 1750, after studying the platinum sent to him by Wood, Brownrigg presented a detailed account of the metal to the Royal Society, stating that he had seen no mention of it in any previous accounts of known minerals. I hope someone can help me with an authoritative source. Share. These compounds are capable of crosslinking DNA, and kill cells by similar pathways to alkylating chemotherapeutic agents. Introduction to the Aufbau Principle in Chemistry. Platinum atoms have 78 electrons and the shell structure is 2.8.18.32.17.1. Platinum is used in catalytic converters, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts and electrodes, platinum resistance thermometers, dentistry equipment, and jewelry. 0. What is Electron Configuration? Metal impurities can be removed by stirring the mixture in either of the two acids and recovering the remaining platinum. Sources, facts, uses, scarcity (SRI), podcasts, alchemical symbols, videos and images. [71][72], In watchmaking, Vacheron Constantin, Patek Philippe, Rolex, Breitling, and other companies use platinum for producing their limited edition watch series. Potassium hexachloroplatinate is similarly insoluble, and hexachloroplatinic acid has been used in the determination of potassium ions by gravimetry. [9] Platinum(II,IV) oxide, Pt3O4, is formed in the following reaction: Unlike palladium acetate, platinum(II) acetate is not commercially available. Being a heavy metal, it leads to health problems upon exposure to its salts; but due to its corrosion resistance, metallic platinum has not been linked to adverse health effects. For example, it appears that the most stable configuration for atoms of chromium, copper, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, platinum and gold involves only moving one electron into an s orbital. Platinum-cobalt, an alloy of roughly three parts platinum and one part cobalt, is used to make relatively strong permanent magnets. Find the amount mass of 49 mass% NaSO4 solution to be added to 172 g of water to get 2 mass% solution of this salt. Some transition metals, including Platinum, Chromium, and Tungsten, have electron configurations in which the s electron is transferred to the d orbitals. [21][22] It is sometimes mistaken for silver. [66], From 1889 to 1960, the meter was defined as the length of a platinum-iridium (90:10) alloy bar, known as the international prototype of the meter. The electron configuration of platinum is: [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1. Primarily, the flame test detects the presence of metalions in a compound, and as ions of each element have a specific characteristicbased in their emission spectrum, the flame test for every element is differentand distinctive. Each entry has a full citation identifying its source. In the 18th century, platinum's rarity made King Louis XV of France declare it the only metal fit for a king. Platinum Electronic configuration. Although gold is also used in industrial applications, especially in electronics due to its use as a conductor, its demand is not so driven by industrial uses. [51], In 1735, Antonio de Ulloa and Jorge Juan y Santacilia saw Native Americans mining platinum while the Spaniards were travelling through Colombia and Peru for eight years. However, the standard notation often yields lengthy electron configurations (especially for elements having a relatively large atomic number). There are 118 elements in the periodic table. The cod complex and the halides are convenient starting points to platinum chemistry. The ground state electron configuration of ground state gaseous neutral platinum is [Xe].4f 14.5d 9.6s … ), the possibility that platinum could enter the body and cause adverse effects has merited study. PtO2, also known as Adams' catalyst, is used as a hydrogenation catalyst, specifically for vegetable oils. Franz Karl Achard made the first platinum crucible in 1784. Periodic Table and Electron Configuration. The previous bar was made of platinum in 1799. [25] In 1924, the geologist Hans Merensky discovered a large supply of platinum in the Bushveld Igneous Complex in South Africa. Using the Russel-Saunders coupling for atoms you will find all the terms for platinum energy levels. Since the list is long I won’t be able to provide explanation to all though u may find explanation for copper and chromium in my answer to question : answer to Why does 4s1 come after 3d5 in chromium ion's electronic configuration? At Platinum, Alaska, about 17,000 kg (550,000 ozt) was mined between 1927 and 1975. Played 0 times. Here is a summary of the types of orbitals and how many electrons each can contain: So based on what we know about the quantum numbers and using the char… But i am really stumpted on this problem. The +1 and +3 oxidation states are less common, and are often stabilized by metal bonding in bimetallic (or polymetallic) species. [10][11] The metal has excellent resistance to corrosion, is stable at high temperatures and has stable electrical properties. This gives two electrons in an s subshell, six electrons in a p subshell, ten electrons in a d subshell and fourteen electrons in an f subshell. These include BaPt, Ba3Pt2, and Ba2Pt. Some textbooks write the electron configuration for platinum (Pt) as $\ce{[Xe] 4f^14 5d^9 6s^1}$. The most abundant of these is 195Pt, comprising 33.83% of all platinum. The alluvial deposits used by pre-Columbian people in the Chocó Department, Colombia are still a source for platinum-group metals. Finally, platinum is resistant to hydrochloric and sulfuric acids, whereas other substances are readily attacked by them. This led to inconsistent results in his experiments. Each entry has a full citation identifying its source. Their assumptions could not be avoided because the platinum they experimented with was highly contaminated with minute amounts of platinum-family elements such as osmium and iridium, amongst others, which embrittled the platinum alloy. [41] Others include carboplatin and oxaliplatin. The numbers of electrons that can occupy each shell and each subshell arise from the equations of quantum mechanics, [2] in particular the Pauli exclusion principle , which states that no two electrons in the same atom can have the same values of the four quantum … Periodic Table Definition in Chemistry. Platinum finds use in jewellery, usually as a 90–95% alloy, due to its inertness. Principal Energy Level Definition . [52], Platinum, along with the rest of the platinum-group metals, is obtained commercially as a by-product from nickel and copper mining and processing. called electronic structure, the arrangement of electrons in energy levels around an atomic nucleus. So let's make the electron configuration for that 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d9 from here on out anytime you see d9 we're going to change it. 190Pt is the least abundant at only 0.01%. Platinum is one of the least reactive metals. … The Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer (SPRT) is one of the four types of thermometers used to define the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90), the international calibration standard for temperature measurements. [59], One suitable method for purification for the raw platinum, which contains platinum, gold, and the other platinum-group metals, is to process it with aqua regia, in which palladium, gold and platinum are dissolved, whereas osmium, iridium, ruthenium and rhodium stay unreacted. [60] Unprecipitated hexachloroplatinate(IV) may be reduced with elemental zinc, and a similar method is suitable for small scale recovery of platinum from laboratory residues. For example, in the United States, a musical album that has sold more than 1 million copies will be credited as "platinum", whereas an album that has sold more than 10 million copies will be certified as "diamond". 9th grade . After publishing the report in 1748, Ulloa did not continue to investigate the new metal. Ammonium chloroplatinate can be converted to platinum by heating. Boiling point The temperature at which the liquid–gas phase change occurs. Gold prices are more stable in slow economic times, as gold is considered a safe haven. There is an interplay between the attraction of nucleus and the electrons, and. 0 0. Who was the man seen in fur storming U.S. Capitol? [3][4], Platinum is a member of the platinum group of elements and group 10 of the periodic table of elements. The specific layer he found, named the Merensky Reef, contains around 75% of the world's known platinum. Because of its scarcity in Earth's crust, only a few hundred tonnes are produced annually, and given its important uses, it is highly valuable and is a major precious metal commodity.[5]. Example: Chlorine 17. Example: Helium 2. In 1758, he was sent to superintend mercury mining operations in Huancavelica.[52]. What we will do now is place those electrons into an arrangement around the nucleus that indicates their energy and the shape of the orbital in which they are located. Electron configuration The arrangements of electrons above the last (closed shell) noble gas. 188Pt, 191Pt, and 193Pt decay primarily by electron capture. Where a base is desired, the halides have been used in conjunction with sodium acetate. Platinum is a chemical element with the symbol Pt and atomic number 78. Melting point The temperature at which the solid–liquid phase change occurs. Watson F. R. S", Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, "2010 Minerals Yearbook; Platinum-group metals", "Platinum Metals: A Survey of Productive Resources to industrial Uses", "2014 Minerals Yearbook; Platinum-group metals", "Guide tothe Realization of the ITS-90 - Platinum Resistance Thermometry", International Committee for Weights and Measures, "Standard Reference Material 1750:Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers,13.8033 K to 429.7485 K", "Professional Jeweler's Magazine Archives, issue of August 2004", "The state-of-play and future of platinum drugs", "Occupational Health Guideline for Soluble Platinum Salts (as Platinum)", "CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Platinum", "FDA Backgrounder on Platinum in Silicone Breast Implants", "187 Fake Cancer 'Cures' Consumers Should Avoid", NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Platinum, "A balanced historical account of the sequence of discoveries of platinum; illustrated", "Johnson Matthey Technology Review: A free, quarterly journal of research exploring science and technology in industrial applications (formerly published as Platinum Metals Review)", "Platinum-Group Metals Statistics and Information", "International Platinum Group Metals Association", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Platinum&oldid=998655826, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2014, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 6 January 2021, at 12:00. Join Yahoo Answers and get 100 points today. We examine electron configuration with following examples. [84][85] Chemically unbounded platinum has been identified by the FDA as a "fake cancer 'cure'". As is expected, tetracoordinate platinum(II) compounds tend to adopt 16-electron square planar geometries. There are four kinds of electron configurations: s, p, d, and f orbitals. As we learned earlier, each neutral atom has a number of electrons equal to its number of protons. It has been employed as a catalyst since the early 19th century, when platinum powder was used to catalyze the ignition of hydrogen. Platinum is a chemically stable element as it is one of the least reactive metals (Nobel metal). 1s 2. Save. This led him to believe he was working with a single metal, but in truth the ore still contained the yet-undiscovered platinum-group metals. The most important thing to remember is that electrons fill orbitals from lowest energy to highest energy. Pt 2 Electron Configuration. [61] Mining and refining platinum has environmental impacts. For more info, I invite you to visit http://forums.studentdoctor.net/showthread.php?t=5... can someone explain electron configuration of platinum? Where; 1 is the principal quantum number or energy level (shell) s is the sub-level or sub shell (Capacity of s sub shell is 2 electron) 2 shows the number of electrons in the s sub shell. [9] Platinum is more ductile than gold, silver or copper, thus being the most ductile of pure metals, but it is less malleable than gold. Chemistry: How to Write Electron Configuration"Electron Configuration" refers to the arrangement of the electrons in an atom into orbitals. [56], In 1786, Charles III of Spain provided a library and laboratory to Pierre-François Chabaneau to aid in his research of platinum. [86] The misunderstanding is created by healthcare workers who are using inappropriately the name of the metal as a slang term for platinum-based chemotherapy medications like cisplatin. [29], Large platinum deposits are present in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. [15] Its resistance to wear and tarnish is well suited to use in fine jewellery. [8], Pure platinum is a lustrous, ductile, and malleable, silver-white metal. Each element has a unique atomic structure that is influenced by its electronic configuration, which is the distribution of electrons across different orbitals of an atom. Platinum arsenide, sperrylite (PtAs2), is a major source of platinum associated with nickel ores in the Sudbury Basin deposit in Ontario, Canada. I am a retired engineer. An atom's electron configuration is a numeric representation of its electron orbitals. [48] To work the metal, they would combine gold and platinum powders by sintering. ... Electron configuration The arrangements of electrons above the last (closed shell) noble gas. Electron configurations are based primarily on three principles: the Aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. a few seconds ago by. Electronic configuration, also called electronic structure, the arrangement of electrons in energy levels around an atomic nucleus.According to the older shell atomic model, electrons occupy several levels from the first shell nearest the nucleus, K, through the seventh shell, Q, farthest from the nucleus. Most platinum isotopes decay by some combination of beta decay and alpha decay. For example, the electron configuration of sodium is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1. Its most important application is in automobiles as a catalytic converter, which allows the complete combustion of low concentrations of unburned hydrocarbons from the exhaust into carbon dioxide and water vapor. 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